Which term refers to civil protections against discrimination?

• A. Civil rights
• B. Grandfather clause
• C. Exclusionary rule
• D. Due process clause

Answer: (A)

Civil protections against discrimination are civil rights. Civil rights are the protections that ensure people receive equal treatment and aren’t discriminated against by the government or by others in essential areas of public life, such as voting, employment, housing, education, and access to public accommodations. These protections are supported by constitutional guarantees like the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause and by landmark laws such as the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. The other terms refer to different ideas: the grandfather clause was a historical tactic used to restrict Black voting rights; the exclusionary rule governs whether illegally obtained evidence can be used in court; and the due process clause guards fair treatment in legal proceedings but isn’t the general label for anti-discrimination protections.