Which form of segregation is caused by social and housing patterns rather than law?

• A. De jure segregation
• B. Grandfather clause
• C. De facto segregation
• D. Equal protection clause

Answer: (C)

Segregation can come from laws or from everyday patterns in where people live and how neighborhoods and schools are shaped. The form described here is de facto segregation, which arises from social and housing patterns rather than statutes. Even without explicit laws requiring separation, factors like housing markets, income differences, lending practices, and long-standing residential choices can keep communities and schools segregated. De jure segregation, by contrast, is segregation imposed by law. The Grandfather clause refers to a specific discriminatory voting rule from the past, and the Equal Protection Clause is a constitutional protection used to challenge unequal treatment, not to create segregation.