The merit system refers to hiring federal workers based on what?

• A. Political connections
• B. Random selection
• C. Competitive exams
• D. Seniority

Answer: (C)

The merit system is about selecting federal workers based on demonstrated ability and qualifications through fair, objective assessments. Competitive exams are the primary way this is measured, providing a standardized way to compare applicants’ knowledge, skills, and competencies for a given job. This approach aims to make hiring based on merit rather than favoritism or political influence.

Historically, this shift away from patronage began with reforms like the Pendleton Act, which established that hiring should be based on merit and not political connections. That helps explain why the other options don’t fit: political connections would favor patrons and undermine fairness; random selection would not ensure that hires have the necessary skills; and seniority concerns tenure after hiring rather than the qualifications used to hire in the first place.